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Polar
Trophectoderm stem cells(TSCs)
E3.5 trophectoderm
ICM
ESCs
Science 1998
E6.0
+FGF4
Embryo
MERCK MANUALS
Maternal blood flow
Fetal blood flow
CT ST EVT
TSCs
Rossant and Cross, Nature Reviews Genetics, 2001
Structure of the human placenta
 Cytotrophoblast (CT):Stem/progenitor cells
 Syncytiotrophoblast (ST):Gas/nutrient exchange, Hormone production  Extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVT):Uterine spiral artery remodeling
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Placenta
4
3