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Design
• Gay father families studied in comparison with lesbian mother families formed through donor insemination
– To control for the non-heterosexual orientation of the parents and the use of third-party assisted reproduction
– Large body of research showing that children with lesbian mothers do not differ in psychological adjustment from children with heterosexual parents.
Study of gay father families formed through surrogacy
• 40 two‐parent gay father surrogacy families – 24 boys and 16 girls aged 3‐9 years
• 55 lesbian mother DI families
– 28 boys and 27 girls aged 3‐9 years
• Recruited through surrogacy agencies that specialized in working with gay men, gay father social groups, Donor Sibling Registry and snowballing
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