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  Testi-ICSI for high post-testicular SDF men improves reproductive outcomes compared with Ejac-ICSI
                      33
Esteves, 33
  Conclusions (1)
Testicular sperm should be offered to ICSI candidates with High Sperm DNA Fragmentation
1. Sperm DNA Fragmentation (SDF) negatively impacts ART outcomes
2. SDF is lower in testicular than ejaculated sperm of non-azoospermic infertile
men with high SDF in neat semen
3. Testicular sperm (therefore with lower SDF than ejaculated sperm) improves ICSI pregnancy outcomes in couples whose male partners have high SDF in semen
Esteves, 34
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