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Fiscal externalities of parenting
Positive externalities
Negative externalities
• Having children delays entry to nursing homes
• Childless elderly have higher levels of publicly funded nursing care
• Individuals without children are more likely to be in nursing homes
• Environmental consequences
• Impact on wages from each
incremental child
• Public discourse between families and
childless families
Wolf et al. Fiscal Externalities of Being a Parent. Popul Dev Rev. 2011 Jun; 37(2): 241–266
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Intergenerational economy
• Population age structures influence national economies and public accounts
• Social contracts that govern intergenerational flows between generations
• Many public programs are pay‐as‐you‐go and are reliant younger people to pay for programs
consumed by other ages
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PRECONGRESS COURSE 04 I VIENNA, AUSTRIA – 23 JUNE 2019 73
