Page 127 - PCC11

What is known about calcium ionophores?
A23187/Calcimycin
Ionomycin
• Developed in 1960s
• Carboxylic antibiotic
• Produced by Streptomyces chartreusensis
• Binds divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and transports them across biological membranes
• More specific for Ca2+
• Produced by Streptomyces conglobatus
• It affects mitochondrial function, which results in inhibiotion of ATPase and glutamate oxidation
• Can activate Ca2+ or calmodulin‐dependent kinase and phosphatase to stimulate gene expression
• In T‐cells it mediates T‐cell activation
• In B‐cells it results in apoptosis
• In starfish, it alters oocyte actin cytoskeleton and led to first cell division block and problems in cell cleavage at later stages
Concern = the non‐physiological action, capable of releasing calcium from intracellular stores, that would normally not be involved in the activation process, and in an uncontrolled fashion.
Santella and Dale, 2015
Follow up of children born following AOA What do we want/need to know?
1. Is the miscarriage rate higher than would normally be expected?
2. Do miscarriages occur at the same rate and stage of gestation compared with
conventional ICSI?
3. Are the products of conception euploid or not?
4. Is the incidence of minor and major congenital malformations within acceptable limits?
5. Is the neurodevelopmental outcome of the children born following AOA reassuring?
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